Master penetration testing methodologies, security assessment techniques, and ethical hacking best practices
Penetration testing (pen testing) is a simulated cyber attack against your computer system to check for exploitable vulnerabilities.
Tester has no prior knowledge of the target system. Simulates external attacker perspective.
Tester has full knowledge of the system architecture, source code, and documentation.
Tester has partial knowledge of the system, simulating an insider threat scenario.
Tests external-facing assets like web applications, email servers, and VPNs.
Tests internal network security from within the organization's perimeter.
Tests human vulnerabilities through phishing, pretexting, and other techniques.
| Aspect | Penetration Testing | Vulnerability Assessment |
|---|---|---|
| Scope | Focused on specific targets | Broad system-wide scan |
| Method | Manual exploitation attempts | Automated scanning tools |
| Depth | Deep dive into vulnerabilities | Surface-level identification |
| Time | Days to weeks | Hours to days |
Following a structured methodology ensures comprehensive coverage and consistent results in penetration testing engagements.
Collect information about the target through passive and active reconnaissance.
Test for misconfigurations in web servers, application servers, and databases.
Test user registration, password recovery, and account management processes.
Test authentication mechanisms for weaknesses and bypasses.
Test access controls and privilege escalation vulnerabilities.
Reconnaissance is the first phase of penetration testing, involving information gathering about the target system or organization.
Vulnerability assessment involves identifying, classifying, and prioritizing security vulnerabilities in systems and applications.
Most critical web application security risks including injection, broken authentication, and sensitive data exposure.
Publicly known information security vulnerabilities and exposures.
Misconfigurations in servers, applications, and network devices.
Vulnerabilities in application logic and business processes.
Exploitation involves attempting to compromise identified vulnerabilities to demonstrate their impact and validate security controls.
Effective reporting and remediation planning are crucial for translating penetration test results into actionable security improvements.
High-level overview of findings, risk assessment, and recommendations for management.
Detailed technical findings, proof-of-concept exploits, and remediation steps.
Risk ratings, business impact analysis, and likelihood of exploitation.
Prioritized action items, timelines, and resource requirements for fixing vulnerabilities.
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