Network Security Guide

Master network security techniques including port scanning, DNS analysis, subdomain discovery, and vulnerability assessment

Port Scanning

Port scanning is the process of checking which ports are open on a target system. It's essential for network security assessment and penetration testing.

Common Ports and Services

PortServiceProtocolSecurity Risk
21FTPTCPHigh
22SSHTCPMedium
23TelnetTCPHigh
80HTTPTCPMedium
443HTTPSTCPLow
3389RDPTCPHigh

Port Scanning Techniques

TCP Connect Scan

Establishes full TCP connection. Most reliable but easily detected.

SYN Scan

Sends SYN packets without completing handshake. Stealthier than connect scan.

UDP Scan

Scans UDP ports. Slower and less reliable than TCP scans.

FIN Scan

Sends FIN packets. Can bypass some firewalls.

DNS Analysis

DNS (Domain Name System) analysis helps identify potential security issues, misconfigurations, and attack vectors in domain infrastructure.

DNS Record Types

A Records

Map domain names to IPv4 addresses. Essential for website accessibility.

AAAA Records

Map domain names to IPv6 addresses. Future-proofing for IPv6 adoption.

MX Records

Specify mail servers for the domain. Critical for email functionality.

TXT Records

Store text information. Often used for SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records.

CNAME Records

Create aliases for domain names. Can be security risk if misconfigured.

DNS Security Issues

DNS Hijacking

Malicious redirection of DNS queries to attacker-controlled servers.

DNS Spoofing

Fake DNS responses to redirect traffic to malicious sites.

Zone Transfer

Unauthorized zone transfers can reveal internal network structure.

Subdomain Takeover

Exploiting abandoned subdomains to gain control of domains.

Subdomain Discovery

Subdomain discovery is crucial for understanding the attack surface of a domain. It helps identify all publicly accessible services and potential entry points.

Discovery Methods

DNS Enumeration

Querying DNS servers for subdomain records using various techniques like zone transfers and wildcard queries.

Certificate Transparency

Searching public certificate logs to find subdomains that have SSL certificates issued.

Search Engines

Using Google dorks and other search engine queries to find indexed subdomains.

Brute Force

Systematically testing common subdomain names against the target domain.

Common Subdomain Patterns

Administrative

  • • admin
  • • management
  • • control
  • • dashboard

Development

  • • dev
  • • test
  • • staging
  • • beta

Services

  • • api
  • • mail
  • • ftp
  • • vpn

Common Network Vulnerabilities

High Risk

Open Telnet (Port 23)

Unencrypted remote access, easily intercepted

Unsecured FTP (Port 21)

Credentials transmitted in plain text

RDP Exposed (Port 3389)

Remote desktop without proper security

Medium Risk

HTTP (Port 80)

Unencrypted web traffic

SSH Weak Config

Poor SSH configuration or weak keys

Database Ports

MySQL (3306), PostgreSQL (5432) exposed

Network Security Tools

Use our specialized network security tools to assess and improve your network security:

Port Scanner

Scan open ports on any IP address or hostname to identify potential security risks.

Try Port Scanner →

DNS Lookup Tool

Analyze DNS records for any domain to identify misconfigurations and security issues.

Try DNS Lookup →

Subdomain Finder

Discover subdomains of any domain to map the complete attack surface.

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Website Security Scanner

Comprehensive website security vulnerability scanner with detailed reporting.

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Network Security Best Practices

Defense Strategies

  • Implement network segmentation
  • Use firewalls and intrusion detection systems
  • Regular security assessments and penetration testing
  • Monitor network traffic and logs
  • Keep all systems and software updated

Monitoring & Response

  • Implement 24/7 security monitoring
  • Create incident response procedures
  • Regular vulnerability assessments
  • Employee security training
  • Backup and disaster recovery plans

Ready to Secure Your Network?

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