URL Encoding: Converts special characters to percent-encoded format (%XX) for safe transmission in URLs.
Common Encoded Characters: Space (%20), & (%26), + (%2B), # (%23), ? (%3F), = (%3D)
Use Cases: Query parameters, form data, file names in URLs, international characters.
Standards: Based on RFC 3986 and RFC 3987 for internationalized resource identifiers.